HR management Essay

1. Abstract Using a balance scorecard to measure and manage an HR management. 2. Literature Review The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. 3. Research Aims and Objective The aim of this research using balance scorecard is to prepare a US manager to work in the UAE; For us to fully understand cultural and personal behaviors of UAE people. 4. Research methodology The use of balance scorecard to develop and implement performance is based on research online and readings about economy and understanding human behavior. 5. Discussion a. Origin Balance scorecard was coined in the early 1990s but the roots of this type of approach include the work of French process engineers who created the â€Å"Tableau de bord† literally, a dashboard of performance measures. b. Definition Balance scorecard is simply defined as performance management tool 6. Conclusion With its proven performance internationally it is best to used in HR Management.

Apes to Man (Reaction Paper) Essay

Introduction Planet of Life: Apes to Man is narrated by Stacy Keach, presented by Discovery Channel. A must see documentary regarding the Theory of Evolution. Originally produced for Discovery Channel, each episode covers a separate chapter in the biography of the world. This episode examines the evolution with the use of computer animation. The film talks about how apes like Lucy, who is known to be a three million year old ape that walked upright or with two legs and revolutionized or grew and changed into one of the modern men and women who populate the world in every continent, nation and city today. The first stage in evolution is walking upright or with two legs just like Lucy did. The second is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak. Summary One hundred million years ago, dinosaurs walked the earth. They no longer exist today because of the asteroids that hit their home and eventually killed all of them. The earth, after some time, regained its life forces because some small creatures that got through the great tragedy that  put an end to the era of the dinosaurs. One of those creatures that survived were the purgatorious, one of earth’s oldest primates that may have evolved throughout the ages A new era of animals rose to the occasion to a new beginning and to starting a new kind of living amongst the changed world around them. One particular creature happened to explore and discover new things in its surroundings more advanced than others. In the late 18th century, Charles Darwin wrote a book called â€Å"Origin of Species†. The book was intriguing. People thought he was losing his mind because most men and women during his time were very religious and really close to God. They didn’t believe him until a team of French-American researchers in the year 1974 found evidences of early apes. But by that time I think Darwin’s unlikely friends and haters won’t be able to say it in front of him. The people who found Darwin’s inspirational evidence called it â€Å"Lucy†. Lucy is a 3 million year old ape and is the very first one to walk upright or with 2 legs because according to the researchers she had wide hips like humans do. Archeologists say Lucy walked like a modern pig mea chimpanzee and bonobo. After a few decades, Lucy got to the second stage of evolution. And that is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak and the rest is history. What Lucy became is what all of us are now. Generalization Evolution has really helped and changed every individual for the better. It made us realize and understand how the real world worked in the early ages and how it affected all of us today. We are now where we belong and that gives everyone the chance and the blessings they deserve. Reflection Personally, I do not believe in this theory as per the teachings in the Bible. There is no contest to what the Bible says about us  being formed in the image of God. But, for arguments sake, and if I were to believe it, let me just say that Darwin may have misconstrued the facts or the things he has observed based on the physical and genetic similarities of man and apes. He based his findings on the fact that because apes were able to walk upright, we are their descendants and from other scientists’ findings on the similarities of man and apes from different eras. Other important human characteristics – such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language added to the basis for his theory. Early human fossils and archeological remains offer the most important clues about this ancient past. These remains include bones, tools and any other evidence left by earlier people. Usually, the remains were buried and preserved naturally. Thinking About You A tornado flew around my room before you came Excuse the mess it made, usually doesn’t rain In Southern California, much like Arizona My eyes don’t shed tears, they pour When I’m thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Ooh no, no) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever No, I don’t like you, I just thought you were cool Enough to kick it Got a beach house I could sell you in Idaho You don’t think I love you, I just thought you were cute That’s why I kissed you Got a fighter jet, I don’t fly it though Lyin’ down thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Oooh) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever And I remember, how could I forget How you feel And though you were my first time A new feel And it won’t ever get old,not in my soul, Not in my spirit, keep it alive We’ll go down this road ‘Til it turns from color to black and white Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever(Oooh) (2x)

Resource Management Act Essay

Relevant books and articles discussing tyre performance, tyre maintenance, social responsibility, marketing and the environment were analyzed. Different opinions of writers have also been examined to fully understand the subject of the study. Sources from the Internet have also been visited in order to take a look at forums and online databases that may include materials relevant to the topic at hand. These web pages would include official web pages of concerned agencies and offices in New Zealand. The relevant statutes and laws in New Zealand were also looked upon in determining the legal issues that may be touched by the implementation of the proposed subject. These laws would include the Treaty of Waitangi, Resource Management Act of 1991, the Bill of Rights 1993 and the Employment Relations Act 2000 as such. A survey was also conducted in order to appraise the possible reaction of consumers and to further evaluate the feasibility of the proposed project. The survey was also deemed necessary in order to discover how much the public knows about tyre maintenance and what additional information should be included and highlighted by the tyre shop in the program. Survey questionnaires were randomly distributed to a number of participants in the furtherance of the study. The participants were selected among friends, lectures, staffs and general publics. Fifty-three responds were received out of sixty-five distribution. Two versions of the survey were distributed; the paper and the electronic version. The electronic version was distributed via emails, and the paper version was handed out. Charts 1 and 2 illustrate the number and percentages of respondents and versions distributed, respectively. The questionnaires and the overall results are attached in Appendix D and the result will be further elaborated in the Findings in the next section. Questionnaires were selected as the data collection method for this study because it is convenient to disseminate, time-effective for respondents to fill out and provided anonymity. Questions could be answered in less than ten minutes and respondents could be honest and open with the tyre maintenance questions. Chart 1 Illustrate the Percentages of Distribution and Responds of the Questionnaire Most questions were geared toward measuring how a tyre awareness program must be designed to effectively meet the car owner’s requirements. This provides the best possible information for program design based on the descriptive data. Questionnaires involve individual questions such as identification and background characteristics (Morris, 2004). The questionnaire was created as a short form of information gathering about the awareness of vehicle owners regarding tyre maintenance and their frequency of tyre maintenance. The Participants Information Sheet informed the respondents of a brief background of the research and assurance of their confidentiality. It presented to the respondents the importance of providing a balance between business and social responsibility through the facilitation, education and information given for the customers and the general public. It also presented the objective of implementing a tyre maintenance awareness program. Respondents were chosen according to the important qualification of being vehicle owners. The respondents needed to own a vehicle because they were the ones who were targeted to benefit from the tyre maintenance awareness program. However, since the survey was randomly distributed therefore there were no way of knowing in the first place whether they are car owners, thus the result includes the responds from non-car owners. Out of 53 respondents three were non-car owner but does frequently drive a car. Respondents were also asked basic nominal information such as their age and gender. The questionnaire for this study focused on the respondents’ awareness of tyre maintenance and their potential acceptance of a tyre maintenance awareness program. The purpose of the questions revolved around planning to introduce this program under the impetus of social responsibility. The data collection method deliberately asked whether respondents were car owners to selectively target those who held the responsibility of maintaining their vehicles. The questions involved the frequency of tyre maintenance practiced by the respondents. Car owner manual use distance traveled rather than periods of time to calculate the frequency. However, the questionnaire uses period of time which better reflects real world car owner experience. This was attributed to the convenience this type of monitoring would bring for the public, as it is assumed easier to remember dates than distance traveled. Investigating the awareness of tyre maintenance included whether the respondents had looked into the owner’s manual of their vehicle. Important information about tyre maintenance is located in the manual and it is important to check if the respondents’ awareness was related to their familiarity with the owner’s manual. Also, asking this question reveals if manuals, if in fact read, provide sufficient information for proper tyre maintenance. The questionnaire also considered the practical question of the convenience of maintenance awareness programs. It considers whether customers would prefer such a program while they were waiting for their tyre service to be done. However, this approach tends to only target people who regularly had their tyres maintained. This question gauges how much time car owners were willing to spend in attending tyre awareness programs. The questionnaire also explores the awareness of car owners regarding their tyres’ life expectancy and measures owner awareness of their tyres. Such questions prompt owners to consider the necessity for a tyre maintenance program. Visits to tyre shops and garages were also conducted (how chosen and how many? ) in order to know if the proposed program can ac in order to know if the proposed program can actually be implemented. The current status of tyre shops were also observed and where appropriate and ethical questions were also asked, in order to determine if currently, these shops are actually imparting information to their customers as regards to tyre maintenance and the important advantages of regularly maintaining their tyres. The shops or garages visited were also randomly chosen, specifically those around the Auckland Central due their locations as the centre of the research, hence to the convenient and due to the availability of variety of sizes, that is this area have small garages and larger garages. A total of 13 tyre shops and garages were visited. Also during oversea visit due to available opportunity visits were also conducted to some garages to observe the set up and available services. The Industry visits (Observation) and the overall findings are attached in Appendix E and the result will be further elaborated in the Findings in the next section. Lastly, visits were also made as regards enterprises engaged in the sale of goods of services that will be needed by the tyre shop in the marketing and implementation of the program in order to take note of prevailing market rates, and ultimately, in computing the estimated cost that would have to be shouldered by the tyre shop in the course of the marketing and implementation of the program.

The Making of the Modern Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Making of the Modern Woman - Essay Example This points out to gross under recording of their contributions to growth of humankind. When recorded, women usually played less weighty, stereotypical roles of wives, girlfriends and mistresses among other less significant roles as expressed by historians (Purvis 41). The aim of this paper is to show women development and discuss how far they have come considering the challenges they face. Education. Until recently, the education of the girl child was considered less useful than that of a boy. Consequently, more resources were channeled towards education of boys who were termed as future leaders of the society while women were seen as wives and nothing more. Many cultures concurred in this aspect so much that even in the most developed of societies, girls or women always had less education than boys. Girls only received enough education to read and write while boys advanced in their education up to tertiary level. This ensured that the male position in society as leaders was consoli dated while women were concentrated on chores. The feminist revolution, however, changed all that and women nowadays have equal opportunities as men, albeit with some reluctance from the male dominated society (Bucor 1381). Equality. Development of the contraceptive pill in 1960 formed the starting point of the feminist revolution. ... According to DiCaprio, Lisa, and Wiesner (247), there has been gradual but sure change where women are now more or less treated with equity to men. Employment. In early days, there were jobs for men and others for women. Throughout history, the most lucrative jobs were for men while women had the lesser jobs. This was justified in some cases where women could not cope with unusually taxing or manual jobs. There were other jobs for women, mostly the less manly ones that the earlier chauvinistic men would not touch. In recent times, changes have happened that allow women to take lucrative jobs, including being high ranking managers and politicians like presidents and prime ministers (Guardian 2011). Religion. Most world religions do not mention the role of women in their doctrines. For instance, in the Bible only men were counted while women were grouped together with children thereby showing where women ranked in the Christianity hierarchy. In the Catholic Church, which carries a majo rity of Christians, there is no allowance for women to join the clergy, as was the case with Disciples of Christ. There is no explanation to this whatsoever but any critic can see that Christianity was and in many ways, still is seriously biased against women. Islam, on the other hand, promotes polygamy where women are seen as property just like material belongings when revealing the wealth status of a man (Smith 740). Things are changing, and women are becoming more involved in the society with even the world’s religions reconsidering women’s position. As a result, protestant churches have many women as pastors, seers and bishops. Family. As a mother, daughter or mistress, the role of a woman in the

Exercise in Women with Heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exercise in Women with Heart Failure - Essay Example A study mentioned by Oka, Demarco & Haskell in 1999 mentioned a study which examined the relationship between observed physical condition, fitness and the levels of activity in 32 men and 8 women. It was observed that higher oxygen uptake occurred with increased self efficacy for stair climbing and increased participation in recreational activity. In the aerobic and resistance acquiring program that was based at home no physical gains were reported in peak oxygen consumption even after the study of 3 months period. But the same studies did not concentrate a maximum on women with HF. Design: The study used a controlled two group experimental method with randomization. Measures were recorded during a 2 week period before the randomization of group Investigators visited homes of the women during randomization. At the end of 12 week period T2 measures were recorded. 32 women participants were made to enter into the study. Half of them were selected in random for combined walking along with education program. The remaining half were selected in random for educatin program only. ... The adherence to the guidelines is 85 percent in first group and 83 percent in the second group. The depression levels were also measured and observed that 40 percent of the women in both the groups observed depression. The main outcome is that the women participated in the walking programs were capable to increase their self efficacy. Those who adhered to the walking guidelines even walked for farther distances in six minute walk test after improved quality of life. But the women with debilitating physical condition did not get that QOL by adhering to walking test guide lines. In another analysis of 52 people who are training trials with a 12 week period demonstrated increase in HDL -C levels. Exercise trial regarding health, risk factors, exercise training and Hereditary study were conducted more carefully. This study even addressed the effect of exercise in persons with lipid problems. 2674 participants with 44 randomized trials were studied and the effect of exercise on resting blood pressure was studied. 1.8mm HG reduction of diastolic blood pressure was observed against 2.4mm Hg reduction which indicates that the exercise will enhance self efficacy. It was observed that the intensity of training, the amount of blood pressure reduction have no relationship between them. This suggests that the dose response curve will be flat if it is plotted between exercise timing for corresponding blood pressure. References: The references were given in the following format Name of the author, year of publication, title, publisher or sponsor, edition information, type of media, date retrieved, website address. In the above mentioned details except website address the other details were given on availability. 1. Author not mentioned, 2006,

Social policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social policy - Essay Example The individuals against whom those powers might be used are just those who infringe the general rules; they should not be identified in any other way. Since the point is to restrain the coercive activities of government, these general rules should not be framed so as to discriminate either against or in favour of any group of persons known in advance—against Jews or Blacks, for example. Laws against speeding lay down general rules of this kind: they apply equally to all motorists, and they do not single out particular individuals (say, BMW drivers) for special attention. Retrospective legislation is likely to violate the rule of law on this interpretation since its victims and beneficiaries usually can be identified in advance. 1 General rules of this kind that are announced in advance are a defence against the arbitrary actions of governments. They are necessary in Hayek’s view both for the proper working of the market and for the existence of liberty precisely because they allow individuals to plan their affairs secure in the knowledge that government powers will not be used deliberately to frustrate their efforts. Once governments go beyond the enforcement of certain general rules, their activities inevitably involve the coercion of particular individuals. Since general rules of the kind Hayek favours are not aimed to produce particular effects on particular people, their precise consequences cannot be known in advance. They provide a framework for the decisions and actions of individuals, but they do not determine what those decisions and actions will be. From this point of view there is no reason in principle why governments should not concern themselves with the regulation of economic affairs. B ut their interventions should take the form of a framework of laws within which markets can operate, rather than the direction of economic activity by a central authority. 2 Here and elsewhere, Hayek

Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example All the experiences in Italy are memorable for me especially the ones in which there were communication gaps and barriers because these incidents allowed me to learn linguists from a different perspective. My motivation and interest level to pursue a career in linguist was high after my trip to Italy. Though my native language is Arabic, I have had a strong passion of learning other language. I even bought a French book in my college days to try learning some words of this language. I am always looking forward to take up challenges in life, learning and communicating in a new language is a very big challenge and achievement in my perspective as by learning the language one even gets to learn the culture of the language. By learning new languages, many glimpses of the foreign culture are reflected. After attaining the degree of English language from King Khaled University, I planned to pursue my career in Linguistics and hence I started researching universities. I also started discussing in with my friends and peers. Indiana State University came at the top most position after my primary and secondary research and I am really impressed with the achievements of this university. A cherry on top of my plans was the attainment of scholarship from the Ministry of Education Saudi Arabia. I could envision my dreams to be on the right path of attaining success. Indiana State University has produces successful linguist graduates that are working at good positions, fulfilling their job roles and enjoying their designation of a language translator or teacher. The university promotes research projects and this one of my major interests in applying to a university that promotes research in linguistic studies. I am excited about getting an admission in the Indiana State University as this university has a good reputation and a highly qualifies staff that teaches linguistic studies in a

European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Union - Essay Example However, the idea of Europe cannot be entirely appreciatedwithout having the mentality of historical evolution of the Europe continent prior tothe periods of World War II and by extension the recent integration process that has been realized in the United States of Europe. By definition, stagnation in economic sense implies that there is a noticeable cease in motion, progress or generally activity. The progress as well as stagnation has been both customary and yet understandable stages in the expansion of the European Union and its antecedent, the European Communities (EC). European integration has had a kind of stop-and-go or an oscillating developmental pattern since the inception of the idea after the First World War (Louis Meuleman 2008; p. 401). Several factors have worked in a bid to understanding and shaping the composition and the future of the Union, for example issues like the adoption of a Constitution for the EU; the extension of EU membership to slot in ten new Member States; the ballot vote to the European Parliament; as well as the recommendation of a novel European Commission. In the 70s there was huge realization of lack of advancing the idea of EU among the member states. Citizens of independent member states were duly considered the then obstacles to the strong establishment and expansion of the EU. For instance, citizens of nations like the Netherlands and France at one time are in record having voted for their countries to pull out of the EU, leaving the reform process. In this regard at least according to Cini, (2007, 442); Citizens continue to disengage from the EU institutions, including what is ostensibly 'their' Parliament; the richer member states are seeking to reduce their contribution to the EU budget rather than increasing it to allow equitable treatment of the then new entrants in cohesion and agricultural aid. In fact the EU integration crisis in 70s Cini, (2007, 442) continue to declare, precipitated a situation dabbed Eurosclerosis. Eurosclerosis she explains further that it is the time period when the political integration in Europe mired. Fundamentally, it was the outcome of authority decisions in member states and by extension acute prevailing lack of public concern in regarding the condition of the European integration. There was also member state party politics as well as ethnicity issues (Bache, Ian & Stephen George 2006; 273). The principal issue here was how member states made policy decisions to shape their preferences regarding the EU (Folke, C., T. Hahn, P. Olsson, & J. Norberg, 2005; 361). The independent member states held varied political culture as well as big picture opinions of their national interest and preferences. These factors are by extension shaped by complicated bundles of issue-specific factors which further depends on negotiations between the EU27 members and t he apparent constantly shifting patterns of domestic politics within each member states. A pretty good example, according to Cini (2007, p. 450) is the French 'Non' to the Constitutional Treaty motivated by the then president. The French resisted the recommended liberalization of services in the Single Market which has been a prime EU policy, commonly called Bolkestein Directive. There is therefore divergent views on

Choose one for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choose one for me - Essay Example From the current federal minimum wage rate of $7.25 an hour, various states have proposed different figures in order to raise the wage rate to a favorable amount (Shemkus 2). One of the bigger challenges in increasing the minimum wage rates is increasing the costs for the employers. Although the initiative ensures that the employees get reasonable payment for their services, it forces the employers to incur huge costs (Jacoby 3). Federal labor statistics reported that about 70% of the minimum wage rate employees work for less than 35 hours a week. This makes their earning to be less thus the increment will give such individuals the opportunities of living decent lives. Left-leaning Economic Policy Institute concluded that, â€Å"by increasing workers’ take-home pay, families gain both financial security and increased abilities to purchase goods and services, thus creating jobs for other Americans.† Nevertheless, the business-backed nonprofit Employment Policies Institute remarked that increasing the minimum wage rate does not lower poverty. Studies indicate that there is no relationship between high wage rates and the reduction of poverty therefore; this initiative might not be used as a way of reducing the poverty rates in various states. According to Shemkus (2-3), further studies have also found the relationship between unemployment and increasing the minimum wage rate. Opponents of increasing the minimum wage rate reiterate that by increasing the minimum wage rates, the employers would be overburdened that they may not hire more workers. This will make it more badly when many people will be unable to be employed. On the other hand, the rise in wage rate is seen as a special move that will enhance the consumer patterns of purchasing. Nonetheless, the consumer goods and services will increase in correspondence to increased minimum wage rates. Studies have indicated that by improving the minimum wage rates, individuals will live

Residential car Essay Example for Free

Residential car Essay In this assignment we will discuss Residential care as a system of care provision in the Ireland. We will also discuss how the intervention may be of support to clients and the different theoretical approaches used. We will list the pros and cons of residential care and discuss the differences between the Private, Public and Voluntary sectors. Although it is generally in the best interest of the child for him or her to be brought up by their own family, it is not always possible as a child’s welfare and safety is paramount to their wellbeing. Residential care is described as care for children who can no longer be cared for by their family in their own home. This may also happen in the case of a child who has been abandoned or orphaned. Where parents are unable to cope due to illness or other problems they may agree to their children being taken into the care of the Health Service Executive (HSE.ie). Residential care refers to care that can be provided in a home (for children in the care of the HSE) staffed by Care Staff. The home or centre is referred to as a children’s residential centre. Residential care may be provided in a HSE run children’s residential centres. Care may also be provided by voluntary organizations on a not for profit basis. In recent years, organizations also provide residential care for young people on a for profit basis. Under the Child Care Act 1991 residential centres have to be registered and inspected by health boards. Centre’s managed directly by the HSE are inspected by the Social Services Inspectorate (SSI) and those centres in the voluntary sector and contracted to the HSE are inspected by nominated appropriate personal. The recent development of the private sector provision of residential centres follows the similar registration and inspection requirements of the voluntary sector. (Lecture notes) The purpose of residential care is to provide a safe, nurturing environment for individual children and young people who cannot live at home or in an alternative family environment. It aims to meet in a planned way the physical, educational, emotional, spiritual, health and social needs of each child. This may include ; working with a young person’s Social Worker and other professionals to prepare a young person for a successful return home, working with a young person’s Social Worker and other professionals to prepare a young person for a successful transition to an agreed placement of choice, working with a young person’s Social Worker and other professionals to prepare a young person for a  successful transition to independent / supported living (Institute of Child Protection Studies) There are many different ways in which residential care can support a child in care. Keyworking is the provision of individualised care for each young person through a named member of the centres staff team. While a keyworker is not solely responsible for the care of the young person it is their responsibility to co-ordinate and ensure that the team focus is on progressing the young persons care plan and the young person’s life in the centre. It is also crucial that the welfare and best interests of resident young people are of paramount consideration in all aspects of the care provided and that the young people in care are provided with an opportunity to feel safe, secure and protected from harm in an environment where they can be sure their primary needs will be met. Childcare act 1991 offers many approaches to meeting the needs of children and their families. Examples of these approaches include emergency care, assessment, short and long term care, respite care also to provide families in difficulty (Child Care Regulations 1996). There are several different theoretical approaches used in residential care.’ A therapeutic intervention is an intentional interaction(s) or event(s) which is expected to contribute to a positive outcome for a child or young person, which is selected on the basis of his/her identiï ¬ ed needs, and which is underpinned by an informed understanding of the potential impact and value of the interaction/event involved’ (Best Practice Guidelines) Attachment theory is an extremely important example. Where children who are placed in the child welfare system have not experienced a secure base with their primary carers it is essential that social care practitioners aim to form this quality of relationship with them which is what is meant by the provision of a ‘second chance secure base’. A secure base is a relationship within which a child or youth feels safe, nourished both physically and emotionally, where s/he is comforted when distressed, reassured when frightened. Aristotle argued that happiness for humans is not possible in the absence of reciprocal, affective relationships or friendships (Sherman 1991). Such relationships for children are only possible in the context of satisfactory attachments which provide for them a secure base from which to explore their environment (Bowlby 1988). Attachment theory emphasises that continuity and sensitive responses to youth in care are key features of the environment of care-giving (Rutter   O’ Connor 1999). Due to persistent relationship problems and patterns, care staff offering a good relationship may not be enough. There may be a need to actively identify abusive relating and encourage and model alternatives. Important principles are: modelling; rewards rather than punishments; and natural consequences and consistently applied limits (Morton et al., 1999, p. 57). Social learning theory together with trauma and non-violence theory can form the basis of models which see the whole environment as a therapeutic agent (Abramovitz Bloom, 2003). A social care worker needs to have a variety of skills and qualities when working in a residential home with vulnerable clients. The care worker needs to be open minded and non-judgemental, a good listener, patient, be able to work as part of a team, be understanding and must be flexible and be able to work under pressure or adapt to any changes quickly. Like every situation or care setting there are always pros and cons. The pros of residential care include: Residential Care is seen as a secure environment. Children get to build relationships with others Regulated by HSE to ensure the best possible care and services are given Activities are arranged The child’s needs are met and there is consistent care givenThe Cons of a residential care setting include: The child may feel neglected or unwanted and see themselves as being institutionalised. Often required to do things at set times May not always have a choice who they share rooms with and may not be compatible Limited living space and private space  A good care provider may not be good at property management and maintenance and vice versa (housingoptions.org.uk) Residential homes are operational under the three sectors which are public, private and voluntary. The public sector is defined as the whole of the activities, organisations, institutions or services, for which the state or its representatives can be regarded as the employer, and whereby the organisation, the goals and the operation thereof are determined by public authorities and underpinned by public funding.( www.eurofound.europa.eu) The Private Sector is the part of the economy that is not fully state controlled  and is run by individuals or groups of people. In the case of residential homes an example of a private run care home is Daffodil Care services. Although this is a private run service it is still monitored by the Health Service Executive. The final sector is the voluntary sector, which has ‘pioneered the provision of services, with the state becoming involved in a supportive role at a later stage’. In many instances voluntary organisations supplement the b asic services provided by the state. Depending on the type of activity engaged in, there are different sources of funding for voluntary organisations. These include the European Social Fund and Lottery Funding. The main sources of recurrent funds for the majority of voluntary organisations providing welfare services are health boards. Section 65 of the Health Act, 1953 provides that health authorities may support organisations providing services similar to those of the health authority. (Curry 2003) Conclusion In conclusion to this assignment we have discussed Residential Care as a whole and shows how theoretical approaches are used and also gives us a clear understanding of the three different sectors. Residential care will always be needed in society to ensure the care for children who may not have any other options or resources available. Reference List: Curry, J (2003). Irish Social Services, 4th ed. Dublin : British Library Best practice guidelines(2009)best practice guidelines for the use and implementation of therapeutic interventions for children and young people in out of home care [online] available:http://www.caab.ie/Publications/PDFsPublications/Guidance-Documents/CAAB-Best-Prac-Guide-hteraputice-Inter.aspx[6th December 2011]. Evergreenconsultantsinhumanbehaviour[online]http://attachmenttherapy.com/adult.htm[6th December 2011].

Factors for Success in Business Organisations

Factors for Success in Business Organisations With reference to two detailed examples (of business organisations) and appropriate writers on management theory, identify the main critical factors in ensuring the success of business organisations in an increasingly competitive and globalised world. Nokia is increasingly recognised as one of the biggest success stories of the modern world, successfully coping with being in the middle of some of the most wide scale changes seen in the last twenty years. Indeed, until 1992, Nokia’s products were almost uniformly low tech and purely functional, mainly consisting of toilet paper, nappies, car tyres and rubber boots; and cables for electric and telephone utilities. The company, based in Finland, had its major market in the Soviet Union up until its collapse in 1991/92. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, which was Finland’s main trading partner, Nokia almost went into bankruptcy due to falling demand. Some of the company’s shareholders tried to sell Nokia to Ericsson at this point, but Ericsson refused to buy what they saw as a company on the brink of collapse and impossible to rescue (Fox, 2000). However by May 2001, Nokia had become the world’s largest manufacturer of mobile phones by a long way, with 35% of the global market share, compared to 13% for Motorola, and was second in the world in the equipment used to run mobile networks. Business Week’s (2001) ranking of the world’s largest companies showed that Nokia had the fifth most valuable brand on earth in the year 2000, and the company’s stock market value was approximately $250 billion: the second highest in Europe, and ninth in the world. This dramatic turnaround has largely been attributed to one of the most well publicised critical factors in the modern business environment: dynamic leadership (Kanji, 2005). Following poor performance from several CEOs, Nokia appointed Jorma Olilla, described as a â€Å"charismatic, charming entrepreneur† (Abetti, 2000), as new CEO in 1992. Olilla had previously been in charge of the company’s mobile phone business in 1990, and had successfully turned it into a global force, leading to his appointment as CEO. He revolutionised the company’s strategy, claiming that, as the Scandinavian nations, had a very low population density, but high standards of living compared to much of the world, their communication preferences and tastes were significantly ahead of the rest of the world. As a result, he concluded that mobile phones would both appeal to the younger generation, who were always on the move, and in doing so would gradually replace land line phones. As a result, whilst Motorola, one of Nokia’s biggest competitors at the time, was targeting principally business, government and industry (Abetti, 2000), Nokia decided to target individual consumers. The company exploited the wealth of the Scandinavian nations by competing on quality, brand and fashion; rather than on price. Olilla also recognised that Nokia was highly technically competent, with a strong internal culture and focus (Fox, 2000); another two of the critical factors for success in the modern business environment. From this base, he saw the need for the company to embrace a third critical factor: technological innovation, and used this to drive the focus of the corporation away from mere technical RD and on to a more innovative and creative corporate strategy Another strategic decision was to diversify away from being purely reliant on the GSH digital standard, and to embrace the other two standards: TDMA in North America, and PDS in Japan (Pulkkinen 1997). This market diversification, another critical factor for success, enabled Nokia to dominate in many markets, whilst maintaining brand integrity and a consistent look and feel for the phones. Indeed, embracing the trend towards user friendliness, Nokia included a software based menu, making their mobile phones similar to a palmtop computer and thus adding extra functionality for users. However, whilst Nokia recognised the need for diversification, it also recognised the need for a strong strategic focus, which is another critical success factor. Indeed, shortly after Olilla became CEO, all the companies vice-presidents but one left the company, Nokia closed down all of its unprofitable non-electronic businesses, and the company’s management was reformed into a new five person executive team, all of whom were young and ready to embrace the new market challenges. Due to this strong strategic focus, Nokia’s diversification into electronics and mobile phones became the core competency for the entire company, leading to Nokia becoming the world leader in wireless communication. The results can be seen in the fact that the sales goal for Nokia’s first series of phones was 2,000 units, when in fact the company sold over 20 million of these phones worldwide (Abetti, 2000). The Nokia case covers the vast majority of the critical success factors companies require to succeed in the modern business environment. Indeed, so prevalent are these factors that they can also be seen in the case of Rolls Royce’s success over the past few years. Similar to Nokia, Rolls-Royce focuses strongly on technology and innovation however, in contrast to many modern global companies, Rolls Royce maintains a significant manufacturing base in the UK, where it manufactures value added components Rather than looking to outsource manufacturing overseas to a country where manufacturing cheaper, as many major companies have, Rolls Royce has used the UK’s sound technological base and excellent infrastructure to great advantage. The company has build focused factories with a very good lean flow of information, the minimum amount of waste, well designed processes and modern working practices, such as self directed teamwork (Sandford, 2004). This comprehensive and holistic approach to operational excellence and total quality management, two critical factors for many manufacturing firms, has led to Rolls Royce’s productivity being equal or better than any of its competitors. Similar to Nokia, Rolls Royce has a strong strategic focus, however in contrast to the mobile phone giant, Rolls Royce has kept its overall strategy remarkably constant over the years, and this constancy of purpose has been a great help to the company when developing and consolidating its operational strategy (Interavia, 2001). This constancy of purpose and strategy has also enable Rolls Royce to learn from its factories, its people and its processes, and such organisational learning is vital in helping the company develop better products for future growth. Indeed, Rolls Royce has remained very strong in developing and maintaining its internal resources and core competencies, which are also seen as key strategic factors in the modern business environment (Barney, 1996). Rolls Royce have recognised that, whilst short term cost savings may not be as great; ultimately, outsourcing core activities such as manufacturing will result in both product innovation and long term competitive advantage suffering. In fact, Mesinger (2007) discovered that when technology and cost considerations replace the role of skilled people in the performance of many routine jobs, creativity and innovation thinking among employees is affected across the board. As such, with creativity and innovation being considered critical factors in modern organisational success, Meisinger suggests that companies will need to develop strategies specifically to enhance the creative environment of the workplace. A further critical factor in global business success, and one that is often viewed as a separate consideration, is the use of the Internet for sales, marketing and communications. Whilst some academics argue that the Internet should be considered a separate business unit, Chaffey et al (2000) claim that a company’s Internet strategy is an integral part of its overall strategy, as the Internet, if used properly, will supports the main thrusts of the company’s marketing and business strategy. Indeed, modern researchers and practitioners now increasingly view a company’s marketing strategy, and the related factors, as critical factors in business success (Porter, 2001). One final factor that is viewed by many practitioners as being critical in the modern environment is successfully managing the knowledge that is accumulated within business organisations. This has led to the rise in knowledge management as a critical and differentiating factor for any business that relies on the skill of its people. Lee and Asllani (1997) cite several examples that demonstrate how knowledge management enables companies to achieve both continuous and radical improvements, and that these two approaches can significantly increase the firm’s competitive advantage. Indeed, many researchers have recognised the importance of knowledge management in the implementing the improvement philosophies involved in lean manufacturing and total quality management (Yang, 2004) and now see the interaction between the two concepts as being a critical factor for success in itself. Zetie (2002) showed that the concepts of total quality management and knowledge management, together w ith a number of others, are becoming ever more closely linked, and are actually all leading towards better organisational learning and development. Indeed, Zetie (2002) further argues that firms who benefit from said organisation learning will become better organisational change management, which Zeite claims is also a critical factor in the modern business environment. References Abetti, P. A. (2000) Critical Success Factors for Radical Technological Innovation: A Five Case Study. Creativity Innovation Management; Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 208. Barney, J. B. (1996) The Resource-based Theory of the Firm. Organization Science, Vol. 7, Issue 5, p. 469. Business Week (2000) The World’s Most Valuable Companies. 10th July 2000. Chaffey, D. Mayer, R. Johnston, K. and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2000) Internet Marketing. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall. Fox, J. (2000) Nokia’s secret code. Fortune, 1st May 2000, p. 161-174. Interavia Business Technology (2001) Rolls-Royce keeping a tight focus. Vol. 56, Issue 652, p. 14. Kanji, G. K. (2005) Sustainable growth and business excellence. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence; Vol. 16, Issue 8/9, p. 1069-1078. Lee, S. M. and Asllani, A. (1997) TQM and BPR: symbiosis and a new approach for integration. Management Decision, Vol. 35, Issue 6, p. 409–416. Meisinger, S. (2007) Creativity and Innovation: Key Drivers for Success. HR Magazine; Vol. 52, Issue 5, p. 10. Porter, M. E. (2001) Strategy and the Internet Harvard Business Review, Vol. 79, Issue 3, p. 63–78. Pulkkinen, M. (1997) The Breakthrough of Nokia Mobile Phones. Helsinki: Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration, Ph.D. Thesis. Yang, J. (2004) Knowledge management opportunities for cycle time reduction. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, Vol. 1, Issue 2, p. 192–207. Sandford, A. (2004) Training partnership spreads the lean message. Metalworking Production; Vol. 148, Issue 8, p. 16-17. Zetie, S. (2002) The quality circle approach to knowledge management. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 6, p. 317–321.

Advantages of Repeater in Networking

Advantages of Repeater in Networking Router: Routers are devices which connect two are more networks that use similar protocol. A router consists of hard ware and software. Routers operate at a network layer of O.S.I model. Routers use logical and physical address to connect two or more logically separate network. They make this connection by organizing the large network into logical network segment (some times small sub network or sub nets). Each of these sub nets is given a logical address. Data is grouped into packets or block of data. Advantages of Router: They use high level of intelligence to rout data.   Routers can also act as a bridge to handle non rout able protocols such as NetBEUI (Network Bios Extended User Interface) Disadvantages of Router: High level of intelligence takes more processing time which can affect performance Routers are very complicated which installation and maintenance difficult. 2) Gateways: Gateways are devices which connect two are more networks that use different protocols. They are similar in function to routes but they are more powerful and intelligent devices. A gateway can actually convert data so that network with an application on a computers on the other side of the gateway e.g a get way can receive email messages in one format in convert them into another format. Gateway can operate at all seven layer of OSI model. Since Gateway perform data conversion so they are slower in speed and very expensive devices. 3) Repeaters: Repeaters are used within network to extend the length of communication. Data process through transmission media in the farm of waves or signals. The transmission media weaken signals that move through it. The weakening of signal is called attenuation. If the data is to be transmitted beyond the maximum length of a communication media, signals have amplified. The devices that are used to amplify the signals are called repeaters. Repeaters work at the physical layer of OSI model. Repeaters are normally two ports boxes that connect two segments. As a signal comes in one port, it is regenerated and sends out to the other port. Advantages of Repeater: Repeaters easily extend the length of network. They require no processing over head, so very little if any performance degradation occurs. It can connect signals from the same network type that use different types of cables. Disadvantages of Repeaters: Repeaters cannot be used to connect segments of different network types. They cannot be used to segment traffic on a network to reduce congestion . Many types of network have a limit on the number of network s that can be used at once . 4) Bridges: Bridges are used to connect similar network segments. A bridge does not pass or signals it receives. When a bridge receives a signal, it determines its destination by looking at its destination and it sends the signals towards it. For example in an above figure a bridge has been used to join two network segments A AND B. When the bridge receives the signals it read address of both sender and receiver. If the sender is a computer in segment A and the receiver is also segment A, it would not pass the signals to the segments B. It will however pass signals if the sender is in one segment and the receiver in other segment. Bridge works at the data link layer of O.S.I model. Advantages of Bridges: Bridge extends network segments by connecting them together to make one logical network. They can affect the segment traffic between networks by filtering data if it does not need to pass. Like repeaters they can connect similar network types with different cabling. Disadvantages of Bridges:   Bridge possess information about the data they receive with can slow performance. 5) Hub: Hubs are basically multi ports repeaters for U.T.P cables. Some hubs have ports for other type of cable such as coaxial cable. Hubs range in size from four ports up to and for specific to the network types. These are some hubs which are I. Passive Hub II. Active Hub III. Switch/ Intelligent Hub Passive Hub: It provides no signal regeneration. They are simply cables connected together so that the signal is broken out to other nodes with out regeneration. These are not used often today because of loss of cable length that is allowed. Active Hub: It acts as repeaters and regenerates the data signals to all ports. They have no real intelligence to tell weather the signal needs to go to all ports that is blindly repeated. Switch Hub: Switches are multi ports bridges. They filter traffic between the ports on the switch by using the address of computers transmitting to them. Switches can be used when data performance is needed or when collision need to be reduce. Advantages of Hub Hubs need almost no configuration. Active hub can extend maximum network media distance. No processing is done at the hub to slow down performance Disadvantages of Hub   Passive hubs can greatly limit maximum media distance.   Hubs have no intelligence to filter traffic so all data is send out on all ports whether it is need or not. Since hubs can act as repeaters the network using them must follow the same rules as repeaters 6) Modem: The device that converts digital signals into analog signals and analog signals to digital signals is called Modem. The word modem stands for modulation and demodulation. The process of converting digital signals to analog signals is called modulation. The process of converting analog signals to digital signals is called demodulation. Modems are used with computers to transfer data from one computer to another computer through telephone lines. Modems have two connections these are. Analog connection   Digital connection Analog connection: The connection between the modem and the telephone line is called analog connection. Types of Modem THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MODEMS Internal modem External modem Digital connection: The connection of modem to computer is called digital connection INTERNAL MODEM: It fits into expansion slots inside the computer. It is directly linked to the telephone lines through the telephone jack. It is normally less inexpensive than external modem. Its transmission speed is also less external modem. EXTERNAL MODEM: It is the external unit of computer and is connected to the computer through serial port. It is also linked to the telephone line through a telephone jack. External modems are expensive and have more operation features and high transmission speed. Advantages of Modem Inexpensive hardware and telephone lines. ii. Easy to setup and maintain. Disadvantages of Modem i. Very slow performance.

Earth Spheres :: essays research papers fc

DEFINITIONS: The biosphere is a closed self-regulating system that integrates living organisms with nonliving components of a planet (Lenkeit). The biosphere is part of the outer shell of a planet and includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere (answers.com). The hydrosphere is an open system that contains all of a planet's solid, liquid, and gaseous water (Answers.com). As an open system, the hydrosphere interacts with the surrounding systems through inputs and outputs (Lenkeit). The atmosphere is an open system that consists of a gaseous mixture enveloping a planet (Answers.com). These gasses, known as air, include O2, N2 and H2O. The atmosphere is also composed of water, ice and dust particles. Atmosphere functions like a blanket, keeping Earth's heat from escaping into space (Lenkeit). It has also been compared to a greenhouse: like glass it lets short wave insulation inside, but keeps most of long wave ground radiation from going out (Lenkeit). The lithosphere is an open system, which contains all of the cold, hard, solid rock of the planet's crust (surface), the hot semi-solid rock that lies underneath the crust, the hot liquid rock near the center of the planet, and the solid iron core (center) of the planet (Answers.com). On Earth, the lithosphere comprises the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is about sixty miles thick (Lenkeit). INTERACTIONS: The four spheres of the Earth system are highly interdependent causing interactions between the spheres to have many cause and effect relationships. A change in one sphere can cause changes in another sphere, which may cause changes in yet another sphere. The biosphere is sustained through interactions with the gasses from the atmosphere, minerals of the lithosphere, and water of the hydrosphere in the energy cycle (Answers.com). The atmosphere is essential for the biosphere because it supplies oxygen, water, CO2 and some nutrients (N) to living organisms, and protects living organisms from temperature extremes and excessive UV radiation (Answers.com). Outside of the biosphere, the atmospheric interacting with the lithosphere and hydrosphere is when the ocean waves are affected by the wind being slowed by friction from the land (Lenkeit). The lithosphere interacts with the hydrosphere and atmosphere through processes such as erosion where rock and soil become removed through physical and chemical weathering.

Premature Infancy Essay -- Babies Birth Early Premature Essays

Premature Infancy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Premature babies, otherwise known as preterm babies, or preemies, are babies that are born earlier than the full-term of thirty-eight to forty-two weeks of pregnancy. These babies are generally born between the twentieth and thirty-eighth week. Almost 250,000 babies, nearly seven percent of newborns, are premature(Golant 4). Prematurity, even with all the advances in technology, is still a major cause of fetal and neonatal death. Actually, around seventy- five percent of perinatal deaths are due to a number of problems associated with prematurity(Freeman 232). Premature babies are very weak and defenseless, and need to be hospitalized. One reason for this is that a baby may become startled into shock by a loud sound or even bright light. This occurs because many babies have fully-developed senses and underdeveloped organs, which may become a problem, since the brain may not be developed well enough to be able to distinguish these different senses, which causes the baby to panic and lose control of its actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main underdeveloped parts of a premature baby are its organs, chiefly the lungs and the brain. The lungs are developed in the last few weeks of pregnancy, and if the child is born before the thirty sixth week, he/she may require some special attention. Usually, the child is monitored closely for the first few weeks of its life, in order to make sure there is no problems with the breathing or any other function of its body. The premature baby will probably need supplemental oxygen to help it through the early stages, but rarely will it need an actual respirator or other life-supporting device on a full-time twenty four hour basis. In fact, giving the baby too much oxygen may complicate problems, such as damages to the eyes. This is caused by a over- abundance of oxygen in the blood stream, which in turn causes the blood vessels of the eye to expand, damaging the eye. This problem is one of the main concerns when bearing a pre-term baby versus a full-term baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another difference, probably the most noticeable one, is the size and weight of the baby. A preemie will look thin and helpless, and will also have transparent skin. Blood vessels, veins and bones are sometimes visible through the skin of these babies. This is because the skin of a premature baby is very fragile and tend... ... eight to forty two weeks, and must get rid of the children from the uterus in order to return the body to normal and prevent any injuries from occurring inside the mother's womb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many advances are occurring everyday which enable mothers to feel safer with the care of premature babies. New drugs are being developed and new methods are being tested to ensure the security of a preemie, enabling the rate of deaths and the rate of premature babies born to both be lowered. As recently as 1986, premature babies had a much lower chance of survival, and with the help of experts, this factor has been greatly reduced. Hopefully, by the time our generation or our children's generation begins to think about bearing children, there will not be much of a risk of having a premature baby. Works Cited Freeman, Roger, and Pescar, Susan. "Safe Delivery: Protecting Your Baby During High-Risk Pregnancy. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1982. Golant, Susan and Ludington, Susan. Kangaroo Care The Best You Can Do To Help Your Preterm Infant. New York: Bantam Books, 1993. Griesemer, Bernard and Pfister, Fred. The Littlest Baby. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice- Hall Inc., 1983.